China's HNA Group has amassed an estimated 3 billion yuan ($476 million) bill with a State-run aviation fuel company, two oil industry sources said, underscoring how a deepening cash crunch is plaguing core operations at the conglomerate.
Chinese ground crew members check a Boeing 787 Dreamliner of Hainan Airlines, a subsidiary of HNA Group, after being refueled with biological aviation fuel that is produced from waste cooking oil, at Beijing Capital International Airport on November 21, 2017. (Photo: IC)
HNA's outstanding balance with the China National Aviation Fuel Group (CNAF), the country's near-monopoly marketer and distributor of aviation fuel, has swelled significantly over the last six months, the sources said, without quantifying.
"HNA has not stopped fully paying its bills, but it only has paid a small amount at a time, so the outstanding [balance] has grown bigger and bigger," said a senior oil industry executive with direct knowledge of the matter.
A second executive briefed on the situation said the problem "really deteriorated over the past several months."
Both executives requested anonymity due to the sensitivity of the matter.
HNA has controlling stakes in Hainan Airlines Holding Co and 12 other carriers on the Chinese mainland and Hong Kong.
The company has also invested heavily in aviation leasing, logistics and financial services, taking leading stakes in Deutsche Bank AG and Old Mutual's asset management unit.
HNA Group said in a statement on Wednesday that Hainan Airlines "maintained positive and friendly communication" with CNAF. "At present, all businesses are carried out steadily," it added, without elaborating.
Liquidity squeeze
The unpaid bills underscore how an ongoing liquidity squeeze is rippling through company core operations, impacting even its highly successful airlines business.
Some HNA airlines have delayed payments for leased aircrafts, Reuters reported in January, prompting executives from leasing units of the Bank of China, China Minsheng Banking Corp and Bank of Communications Co to hold recovery talks.
"HNA and its subsidiaries are maintaining stable operations, and are in the process of gradually paying each lessor's fees as planned," the company said at the time.
Earlier in February, S&P Global Ratings downgraded the credit profile of HNA Group and two of its units, including airline caterer Gategroup, citing a "deteriorating liquidity profile."
Dublin-based aircraft leasing firm Avolon Holdings, acquired by HNA subsidiary Bohai Capital Holding two years ago for about $2.5 billion, also took the unprecedented step of amending its guarantee structure, formalizing segregation of its financial resources from HNA and its units.
HNA is also seeking to restructure its far-flung operations following a $50 billion investment spree, while raising cash by selling equity and prime real estate assets. Among its recent divestments are a Sydney office tower and two plots of land in Hong Kong.
Growing bill
State-run CNAF supplies fuel at about 215 airports in China, and 46 airports globally.
The fuel supplier became acutely aware of HNA's problems in late September when HNA's liquidity problems "started to erupt", said one of the executives.
The sources estimated HNA's outstanding bill to CNAF now amounts to about 3 billion yuan. That represented about four months worth of total billing to the group, one of the sources added.
CNAF has responded by setting up a task force to explore repayment options, the two executives said.
"CNAF has initiated many exchanges with HNA, verbally and in writing, but that has been barely fruitful," the executive said.
Solutions proposed by the fuel supplier have included swapping the debt for a stake in Meilan Haikou Airport, which is controlled by HNA, the first executive said.
CNAF has continued to supply fuel to HNA airlines, concerned about the impact of suspending sales for airlines that operate hundreds of international and domestic flights every day.
"[Ironically], it's now CNAF's social responsibility to keep its flights running, because if fuel is suspended, passengers will be hurt and then it becomes a social problem," said the first executive.
China's central government State assets regulator and the Civil Aviation Administration have been briefed on the matter, but neither has given clear guidance on how to sort out the situation, the executives said.
The two bodies did not immediately respond to requests for comment.
A CNAF spokesperson acknowledged that the company has amassed a "sizeable" outstanding bill since the second half of last year, but declined to elaborate.
"Communications with HNA are under way," the spokesperson said. "It's hard to predict results, but we're hoping for a solution."