China's aerospace achievements in the decade since the Shenzhou-7 spacewalk
By Zhang Jian
People's Daily app
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Ten years ago on September 25, 2008, China launched the Shenzhou-7 spacecraft, which featured China’s first spacewalk and marked a milestone in the development of the nation’s space technology.

In the past decade, China's space technology has developed rapidly. Here are some of the highlights:

China’s Lunar Exploration Project

China launched Chang’e-2, an unmanned lunar probe, on October 1, 2010, about three years after China launched Chang’e-1. Chang’e-2 carried out a series of test missions after flying around the moon and completed its scheduled mission. Out of all of China’s spacecraft, Chang’e-2 has flown the farthest into outer space.

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Chang'e-2's 7-meter resolution map of the moon (Photos: VCG)

Chang’e-3, launched from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center on December 2, 2013, made a soft landing on the lunar surface on December 14, making China the third country to achieve this feat after the former Soviet Union and the United States.

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Chang'e-3 moon lander model

China’s Manned Space Program

On September 29, 2011, China launched its first space laboratory Tiangong-1. A month later, on November 1, 2011, Shenzhou-8 was launched. During its mission, Shenzhou-8 performed China’s first space rendezvous and docking mission with the Tiangong-1, marking a breakthrough in a series of key space station technologies.

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Photo showing China’s first space rendezvous and docking between Shenzhou-8 sapcecraft and Tiangong-1 space lab

On June 16, 2012, the Shenzhou-9 spacecraft was successfully launched with astronauts Jing Haipeng, Liu Wang and Liu Yang. Liu Yang became China’s first female astronaut to enter space. During the flight, Shenzhou-9 conducted both an automatic rendezvous and docking and a manual-control rendezvous and docking with the Tiangong-1.

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Shenzhou-9 astronauts Liu Yang (L), Jing Haipeng (C) and Liu Wang (R)

On June 11, 2013, Shenzhou-10 docked with the Tiangong-1 space lab after it was launched from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center (JSLC) with Nie Haisheng, Zhang Xiaoguang and Wang Yaping on board. These astronauts conducted a series of space science and technology experiments as Shenzhou-10 flew in an orbit for 15 days.

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Shenzhou-10 spacecraft successfully achieved manual control rendezvous and docking with Tiangong-1 space lab

On October 17, 2016, the Shenzhou-11 spacecraft was launched by the Long March 2F carrier rocket from the JSLC. Two days later, Shenzhou-11 completed its rendezvous and docking with the Tiangong-2 space lab, which was launched a month earlier. The astronauts Jing Hiapeng and Chen Dong entered the Tiangong-2 space lab for a 30-day stay.

On April 2, 2018, Tiangong-1 re-entered the atmosphere within the time frame predicted by the Chinese aerospace field. The design life of Tiangong-1 was originally only two years, but it had been in service for an additional two and a half years with excellent performance.

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Simulation photo of Tiangong-1 space lab

China’s manned space program has made great achievements in the past 10 years and has played a positive and significant role in promoting economic and social development, and has produced a profound and long-term social impact.

China launched the world’s first “quantum satellite”

On August 16, 2016, China successfully launched the world’s first quantum science experiment satellite “Micius” using the Long March 2D carrier rocket at the JSLC. This enabled China to have the world’s first quantum communication between a satellite and the ground, and build a quantum secret communication and scientific experimental system.

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Model of "Mencius" quantum communication satellite

China-built “Tianyan” telescope discovers pulsars

On September 25, 2016, China’s Tianyan, a 500-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope (FAST), was completed in Dawodang, Pingtang County, Qiannan Prefecture, Guizhou Province. FAST is the world’s largest single-dish radio telescope, built with China’s independent intellectual property. The FAST team held a press conference in Beijing on October 10, 2017, saying that the telescope detected dozens of high-quality pulsar candidates, of which six were proven to be pulsars by the telescope.

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China's 500-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope in Guizhou

China launches its first cargo spacecraft Tianzhou-1

On April 20, 2017, China’s first cargo spacecraft Tianzhou-1 was launched at the Wenchang Spacecraft Launch Site. This cargo spacecraft is able to rendezvous and dock with the Tiangong-2 space lab, fueling the lab in orbit, and conducting space science experiments and technical tests. This marks the beginning of China’s space station era.

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China’s first cargo spacecraft Tianzhou-1 was launched at the Wenchang Spacecraft Launch Site

China’s dark matter particle explorer “Wukong” finds dark matter

On November 27, 2017, the dark matter satellite team announced that the satellite “Wukong” had obtained the most accurate electron cosmic ray spectrum in the world after more than 700 days in space. This trace of suspected dark matter, a major discovery, could open a new window for humanity’s observation into the universe.

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China's first dark matter explorer "Wukong" was launched on November 27, 2017