The spirit of "two bombs and one satellite" refers to patriotism, dedication, self-reliance, hard work and the courage to scale new heights in science and technology, nurtured by thousands of scientists and researchers in 1960s and 1970s.

President Xi Jinping speaks highly of this spirit and has urged to carry forward the spirit to contribute to the development of a modern socialist country.

"Two bombs and one satellite" literally refers to China's launch of its first short-range ballistic missile in 1960, first atomic bomb in 1964 (and later the first hydrogen bomb in 1967) and first satellite in 1970.

The launches were made when the country's material and technological foundations were very weak. Overcoming difficulties, the scientists worked hard and remained anonymous for decades.

These projects helped enhance China's scientific and defense capabilities. The success is a brilliant symbol of New China's achievements, and also a historical monument to the country's scientific and technological development.